A PID Controller (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller) is used in control systems to maintain a desired output by adjusting inputs based on feedback.

- Measured value: The actual value being measured (e.g., temperature, speed, pressure).

- Desired value: The setpoint or target value the system aims to maintain.

- Output: The controlled output signal that adjusts the process to reach the desired value.

- Sampling Time: - The interval at which the PID controller updates its calculations in seconds

- Threshold: - A small tolerance value used to determine acceptable error margins.

- Ki (Integral Costant): – Helps eliminate steady-state error.

- Kp (Proportional Costant): – Determines reaction to the current error.

- Kd (Derivative Costant): – Predicts future errors and helps smooth the response.

- Maximum: – The highest value the PID controller can output.

- Minimum: – The lowest value the PID controller can output.